If you're dealing with a minor legal dispute in Minnesota — such as a disagreement over a security deposit, unpaid wages, or damage to property — the Small Claims Court, also known as Conciliation Court, may be the simplest and most cost-effective way to resolve the issue. Read below to help navigate the process.
What Is Small Claims Court?
Small Claims Court is designed to help people resolve disputes involving relatively small amounts of money without needing a lawyer. In Minnesota, this court is called Conciliation Court, and it's intended to be informal, fast, and affordable.
What Types of Cases Are Handled?
Minnesota’s Conciliation Court handles civil disputes involving monetary claims of $20,000 or less (or $4,000 if the case involves a consumer credit transaction). Typical cases include:
- Unpaid rent or utility bills
- Damage to personal property
- Breach of contract
- Return of security deposits
- Unpaid loans or wages
Note: The court does not handle divorce, guardianship, name changes, or criminal matters.
Who Can File a Claim?
You must be at least 18 years old or an emancipated minor to file a claim. Businesses can also file claims, but they must be properly registered and may need to send a representative.
How to File a Claim
Step 1: Prepare Your Case
Gather all relevant documents: contracts, receipts, photos, emails, and written communications that support your claim.
Step 2: Fill Out the Forms
You'll need to complete a Statement of Claim (Form CCT102), which is available at your local courthouse or online through the Minnesota Judicial Branch website.
Step 3: File and Pay the Fee
File the claim with the court administrator in the county where the defendant lives or where the event occurred. There’s a filing fee, usually between $65 and $75. Fee waivers are available if you qualify based on income.
Step 4: Notify the Defendant
The court will arrange for the defendant to be served with a copy of the claim if the claim is for less than $2,500. If the claim is more than that, Plaintiff is required to serve the Statement of Claim and Notice of Hearing (Summons) upon Defendant via mail and provide an affidavit of service to the Court.
What Happens at the Hearing?
At the hearing, both parties present their sides to the judge. Follow the hearing instructions to submit and exchange all evidence beforehand. Bring all evidence and witnesses. The environment is informal, and you can represent yourself — no lawyer is needed.
Tips for the hearing:
- Dress appropriately
- Be respectful and concise
- Stay organized with your documents
After both sides have spoken, the judge may issue a ruling right away or mail the decision later.
What If You Win?
If the judge rules in your favor, the defendant will usually be ordered to pay the amount owed. However, you may still need to collect the judgment yourself. If the defendant doesn’t pay voluntarily, you can take steps like:
- Garnishing wages
- Filing a lien on property
- Seizing assets
Minnesota law gives you 10 years to collect on a judgment.
Can You Appeal?
Yes. Either party can appeal the decision within 21 days after the judgment is entered. The appeal goes to District Court, and the process is more formal.
Final Thoughts
Small Claims Court in Minnesota is a great option for resolving minor disputes without spending thousands on attorney fees. With a little preparation and understanding of the process, you can confidently present your case and seek the justice you deserve.